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The GeForce GTX 400 family of GPUs is based on NVIDIAвs Fermi architecture. The Fermi architecture is the most significant leap forward in GPU architecture since the original G80. G80 was our initial vision of what a unified graphics and compute processor should look like. GT200 extended the performance and functionality of G80. With Fermi, we have taken all we have learned from the two prior processors, analyzed the various applications that were written for them, and developed a completely new architecture optimized for next generation games and applications.
Traditional GPU designs use a single geometry engine to perform tessellation. This approach is analogous to early GPU designs which used a single pixel pipeline to perform pixel shading. Having observed how pixel pipelines grew from a single unit to many parallel units and its subsequent impact on 3D realism, we designed our tessellation architecture to be parallel from day one.
Fermi GPUs implement up to fifteen parallel tessellation units, each with its own dedicated shading resources. Up to four parallel Raster Engines transform newly tessellated triangles into a fine stream of pixels for shading. The close coupling for tessellation, shading, and raster units provides enormous on-chip bandwidth and high execution efficiency. The result is a breakthrough in tessellation performance at over 1.6 billion triangles per second. Compared to competing products, Fermi GPUs are 2-8x faster as measured by independent reviews using Microsoftвs DirectX 11 software development kit.
The Streaming Multiprocessor SM is the heart of the GPU. It performs vital functions such as pixel shading, tessellation, and physics and compute calculations. The GeForce GTX 460 SM is highly parallel processor employing superscalar execution for optimal performance.
Superscalar execution is a technique that allows sequential instrutions from a program to be executed in parallel. Unlike thread level parallelism which improves throughput, superscalar execution also improves latency since the same program executes in less time.
The GeForce GTX 460 introduces a mode of superscalar execution that balances performance with efficiency. Wide superscalar designs have high peak performance that is often not realized in realworld applications. Based on thorough analysis of shaders used in modern games, NVIDIA engineers determined that the number of parallelizable instructions is approximately two. With this in mind, we designed the GTX 460 SM to process two instructions per thread, per clock. Since two warps groups of 32 threads execute concurrently, a peak of four instructions per clock is realized. This architecture provides an optimum balance between the benefits of scalar efficiency and superscalar performance.
To faciliate greater instruction throughput, the GTX 460 SM greatly expands the number of execution units. The number of CUDA cores is increased from 32 to 48. The number of special function units SFUs and texture units is doubled from four to eight. Texture filteirng for FP16 textures is now performed at full speed. These improvements enable exceptional performance in DirectX 11 games such as Battlefield: Bad Company 2 and Metro 2033.
Fermi is the first GPU architecture with fully cached memory access. Caches have long been used in CPUs to improve memory access performance. With Fermi, weвve built a unified cache architecture that extends the benefit of caching to all graphics and compute programs.
Fermi programs have access to a texture cache, an L1 cache, and an L2 cache. The L1 and L2 caches improve performance for programs with random memory access patterns such as raytracing and physics. The texture cache enables fast and efficient texture filtering. In addition, programs also have access to a fast, dedicated, shared memory that greatly improves GPGPU applications such as video transcoding and photo processing.
Fermiвs Render Output ROP subsystem has been redesigned for improved throughput and efficiency. One Fermi ROP partition contains eight ROP units, a twofold improvement over prior architectures. 8x antialiasing, an expensive operation on prior generation GPUs, is now much faster thanks to improved memory compression and a larger framebuffer. Along with performance improvements, weвve also enhanced our image quality. Fermi supports 32x coverage sampling antialiasing CSAA, the highest sample antialiasing mode on any GPU. The result is perfectly smooth geometry edges with exceptional performance.
Grab a new, participating NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970, 980 or 980 Ti graphics card or system, or a participating GeForce GTX notebook, to get Rise of the Tomb Raider free on PC.
The definitive graphics and performance guide for the spectacular Rise of the Tomb Raider. Discover the performance and visual impact of each game setting, and learn how to further improve the fidelity of Crystal Dynamics stunning action-adventure game. Updated February 4th with details and testing of the new Specular Reflection Quality setting.
Get a first look at the NVIDIA HBAO effects and other technologies enhancing Rise of the Tomb Raiders stunning PC graphics.
Looking for a high-end machine that can blaze through all of todayвs best games at high resolutions? Youвre in the right place!
If you want to play Rise of the Tomb Raider on PC with a high level of fidelity, with a high framerate, Crystal Dynamics, Square Enix and NVIDIA recommend the GeForce GTX 970.
If you want to play next weeks beta of Tom Clancys The Division at 1920x1080, with graphical details turned up, Ubisofts recommending you equip your system with a GeForce GTX 970.
You can win this custom, one-of-a-kind Fallout 4 PC. Discover how, and learn more about its creation in our latest Rig Spotlight.
Electronic Arts and Ghost Games have announced that Need For Speed will launch on PC on March 15th. There ll be support for resolutions up to and including 4K, an unlocked framerate, support for steering wheels, and a bunch of other tweaks that ll enhance Need For Speed s racing on PC.
A fresh story campaign, characters, zombie butchering weapons and off-road buggies come to Techlandвs open-world horror game, Dying Light.
Starting today, Blizzard Entertainment recommences the closed beta for its hotly anticipated multiplayer shooter, Overwatch.
Rockstarвs GTA V looks spectacular out of the gate. However, the beauty of the PC version is that you can make it look even better by adding a few simple, and free, user-created mods.
XCOM 2, the PC-exclusive sequel to XCOM: Enemy Unknown, is available now. Do you have the strategic skill, squad-based tactics, and steely gumption to cleanse the world of its nefarious invaders?
This weekвs new game release for SHIELD is an epic strategy game with old-school roots and oodles of innovation, Massive Chalice. The game is available right now in the GeForce NOW store for members to purchase and play instantly.
Fallout 4 gets even better with the introduction of new NVIDIA graphics technology that bolsters image quality and increases immersion.
NVIDIA is offering eight must-play Android and GeForce NOW games this week at big discounts for its SHIELD family of devices.
Short on desk or floor space? Perhaps this wall-mounted rig from Marc Molella will inspire you.
Jonathan Blow, creator of 2008вs wildly popular Braid, releases his second game: a 3D adventure on an enigmatic island loaded with secrets, exploration, and increasingly complex riddles.
The definitive graphics and performance guide for the spectacular Rise of the Tomb Raider. Discover the performance and visual impact of each game setting, and learn how to further improve the fidelity of Crystal Dynamics stunning action-adventure game. Updated February 4th with details and testing of the new Specular Reflection Quality setting.